I-Porosity ithinta kakhulu ikhwalithi nokuqina kwei-aluminium die casting. Ucwaningo luveza ukuthi amanani amade ehla ezindaweni ezinomonakalo ocashile, axhumanisa i-porosity nokusebenza okuncishisiwe kokusebenza kuzoimikhiqizo ye-aluminium die cast. Ukuhlukahluka kwezakhiwo zokuwumshini, okugqanyiswe ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Weibull, kugcizelela le nkinga. Idizayini efanele ye-isikhunta se-aluminium die castingiqinisekisa ukugeleza kwezinto ezibushelelezi futhi inciphise isiyaluyalu ngesikhathialuminium die Casting inqubo, okubalulekile ekuzuzeni imiphumela emihle evelaabakhiqizi be-aluminium die casting.

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

• Umklamo omuhle wesikhuntaisiza izinto ukuthi zigeleze kahle. Lokhu kumisa isiyaluyalu futhi kuvimbela igesi ukuthi ingabambeki, okwehlisa i-porosity.
• Amasistimu wokungenisa umoya afanelekilevumela amagesi avaleleke ukubaleka. Lokhu kwenza i-aluminium die castings ibe ngcono ngekhwalithi.
• Ukuphatha izivinini zokupholisa kusiza insimbi iqine ngokulinganayo. Lokhu kwehlisa i-shrinkage porosity futhi kwenza ukubunjwa kuqine.

Ukuqonda i-Porosity ku-Aluminium Die Casting

Iyini i-porosity?

I-Porosity isho ukuba khona kwezimbobo ezincane, i-voids, noma imifantu ngaphakathi kokusakazwa kwe-aluminium okuqinile. Lokhu kungapheleli kungahluka ngosayizi, kusukela ezimbotsheni ezincane kuya kwezinkulu, futhi kungase kungabonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi phezulu. I-porosity ivame ukuvela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwai-aluminium die castinginqubo ngenxa yamagesi avaleleke noma ukupholisa okungalingani. Yehlisa ubuqotho besakhiwo bengxenye futhi ingaholela ezinkingeni ezifana nokugqwala, ukuvuza, noma ukwehluleka kokusebenza.

Onjiniyela bakala i-porosity besebenzisa imingcele eminingana:

• Inombolo yezimbotshana: Isamba sokubala sezimbotshana ngaphakathi kwevolumu ethile.
• Umkhawulo kasayizi ovunyelwe: Usayizi omkhulu ovumelekile wembotshana ngayinye.
• Isamba sephesenti levolumu: Iphesenti levolumu yengxenye enembobo.

Izinhlobo ze-porosity ku-aluminium die casting

I-Porosity ku-aluminium die casting ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• I-Porosity eyimpumputhe: Lolu hlobo luqala phezulu futhi lugcine ngaphakathi komzimba wokulingisa. Ngokuvamile kuholela ekugqwaleni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Ngokusebenzisa i-Porosity: Inweba ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi lokulingisa kuya kolunye, lolu hlobo ludala indlela yokuvuza futhi lubeke engcupheni ubuqotho besakhiwo sengxenye.
• I-Porosity Evalwe Ngokugcwele: Ngokuqukethwe ngokuphelele ngaphakathi kokulingisa, lolu hlobo luhlala lufihliwe kuze kube yilapho luvezwa ngesikhathi somshini.

Izimbangela ze-porosity zihlanganisa ukuvaleka kwegesi ngesikhathi sokuqina kanye nokuncipha ngenxa yokupholisa okungalingani. Ukungaphumi kahle umoya, ukugcotshwa ngokweqile, namaphutha omklamo kuvame ukuba nesandla kulezi zinkinga.

Imithelela ye-porosity kwikhwalithi yokusakaza nokusebenza

I-Porosity ithinta kakhulu ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwe-aluminium die castings. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi amazinga aphezulu e-porosity anciphisa isivinini sokusakazeka kwamagagasi e-ultrasonic, okubonisa amandla wezinto ezibuthakathaka. I-X-ray imaging iqinisekisa lokhu okutholakele, okugqamisa ukuhlobana phakathi kwe-porosity nokunciphaikhwalithi yokusakaza.

Ukwengeza, i-porosity ithinta ukuqina kwezingxenye ze-aluminium die cast. Isibonelo, ukukhuphuka kwesivinini sokuthulula phakathi nenqubo yokuphonsa kunganciphisa i-porosity kufika ku-98.7%, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina. Abakhiqizi kumele babhekane ne-porosity ukuze baqinisekise izingxenye ezithembekile nezihlala isikhathi eside.

Indlela I-Mold Design ivimbela ngayo i-Porosity

Umthelela wokwakheka kwesikhunta ekugelezeni kwezinto ezibonakalayo nasekuqinisweni

Isikhunta designithinta ngokuqondile indlela i-aluminium encibilikisiwe egeleza ngayo futhi iqine ngesikhathi sokubunjwa. Izibunjwa eziklanywe kahle ziqinisekisa ukugeleza kwezinto ezibushelelezi, zinciphisa ukuxokozela futhi zivimbele ukungena komoya. Lokhu kunciphisa ukwakheka kwe-gas porosity. Ukwengeza, i-mold geometry eyenziwe kahle ikhuthaza ukuqina okufanayo, okusiza ukugwema ukushwabana kwe-porosity okubangelwa ukupholisa okungalingani.

Ucwaningo lugqamisa ukubaluleka kokwakheka kwesikhunta ekuthuthukiseni ukugeleza kwezinto. Isibonelo, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izici ezifana nezinga lokushisa lokumboza kanye nezinga lokushisa lithinta kakhulu uketshezi. Ithebula elingezansi lifinyeza okutholakele ocwaningweni oluhlukahlukene:

Imiphumela yokulingisa okugelezayo ikhombisa futhi indlela ukwakheka kwesikhunta kuthonya ngayo ukuqina kwezinto. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwe-x-ray yesikhathi sangempela kuveza ukuthi i-aluminium encibilikisiwe igcwalisa kanjani isikhunta ngokuqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lezi zifaniso zibonisa ukubaluleka kokugeleza kwe-laminar ukunciphisa isiyaluyalu nokuqinisekisa ukuqiniswa okungaguquki.

Ukubaluleka kokukhipha umoya nokuphuma komoya

Amasistimu okukhipha umoyaukudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni i-porosity ku-aluminium die casting. Phakathi nenqubo yokuphonsa, umoya ovaleleke namagesi kungadala izikhala ngaphakathi kwempahla. Iziteshi zokungenisa umoya ezifanele zivumela la magesi ukuba aphume, okuqinisekisa ukusakaza okungenasici.

Ukukhipha umoya okuphumelelayo kudinga ukubekwa ngokucophelela kwamashaneli ukuze akhiphe umoya ngaphandle kwesikhunta. Amasistimu okukhipha umoya aklanywe kabi angaholela ekuqineni kwegesi, onakalise ubuqotho besakhiwo somkhiqizo wokugcina. Abakhiqizi kumele babeke phambili ukuvulela umoya ngesikhathi sokuklanywa kwesikhunta ukuze bathole imiphumela yekhwalithi ephezulu.

Iqhaza lokulawula izinga lokupholisa ekunciphiseni ukushwabana kwe-porosity

Ukulawula izinga lokupholisa kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe ukushrinkage kwe-aluminium die casting. Amazinga okupholisa asheshayo akhuthaza ukuqiniswa okufanayo, ehlisa amathuba okuthi akheke izikhala ngenxa yokushwabana okungalingani. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukwenza ngcono amazinga okupholisa kunganciphisa kakhulu i-micro-shrinkage porosity.

• Ukupholisa okusheshayo emaphethelweni e-ingot kubangela izimbotshana ezincane nezincane zokushwabana uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo.
• Ucwaningo oluyisibonelo nge-high-density polyethylene (HDPE) lubonise ukuthi ukwenza ngcono amazinga okupholisa kanye nokwakheka kwesikhunta kunciphisa ama-micro-void, okuholela ekubekezeleni okuqinile kanye nekhwalithi ethuthukisiwe.

Ngokuhlanganisa amasistimu okulawula okushisayo ekwakhiweni kwesikhunta, abakhiqizi bangalawula amazinga okupholisa ngempumelelo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuqina okungaguquki futhi kunciphisa ingozi ye-shrinkage porosity.

Izimiso Eziyinhloko Zokuklama Kwesikhunta Zokunciphisa I-Porosity

I-gating efanele kanye nomklamo wesistimu yomgijimi

I-gating eklanywe kahle kanye nesistimu yomgijimi iqinisekisa ukugeleza kwezinto ezibushelelezi ngesikhathi sokusakaza kwe-aluminium. Ukugeleza ngendlela efanele kunciphisa isiyaluyalu, okunciphisa ukuvaleka kwegesi kanye ne-porosity. Amapharamitha angukhiye afana nezinga lokugeleza, izinga lokushisa elithelayo, nosayizi womgijimi kuthonya kakhulu ukuncishiswa kwe-porosity. Ithebula elingezansi ligqamisa imiphumela yazo:

Ngokulungiselela lezi zinhlaka, abakhiqizi bangafinyelela ukulingisa okungenasici ngobuqotho obuthuthukisiwe besakhiwo.

Ukufakwa kwesiteshi sokungenisa umoya okusebenzayo

Amashaneli okukhipha umoya adlala indima ebalulekile ekuvumeleni amagesi avaleleke ukuba aphume emgodini wesikhunta. Ngaphandle kokukhipha umoya ngendlela efanele, amagesi angakha ama-void, okuholela e-porosity.Ukukhipha umoya okusebenzayoinciphisa ukuxokozela futhi iqinisekise inqubo yokulingisa ebushelelezi. Ithebula elilandelayo libonisa umthelela wedizayini yokukhipha umoya emiphumeleni yokusakaza:

Ukubekwa kwamaqhinga kwamashaneli okungenisa umoya kuqinisekisa ukufakwa kokufa kwe-aluminium kwekhwalithi ephezulu enobuthakathaka obumbalwa.

Ukulawula okushisayo kokuphatha amazinga okupholisa

Ukulawula amazinga okupholisa kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ukushwabana kwe-porosity. Ukupholisa okusheshayo kukhuthaza ukuqiniswa okufanayo, ukuvimbela i-voids ebangelwa ukuncipha okungalingani. Ukufaka amasistimu okulawula okushisayo ekwakhiweni kwesikhunta kuqinisekisa ukupholisa okungaguquki kuyo yonke inkathi yokusakazwa. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukupholisa ngokushesha emaphethelweni okusakaza kunciphisa ama-micro-shrinkage pores uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo. Abakhiqizi bangafinyelela ukubekezelelana okuqinile kanye nekhwalithi ethuthukisiwe ngokuthuthukisa amazinga okupholisa.

Ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza kwezinto ezifanayo

Ukugeleza kwezinto ezifanayo kubalulekile ekwehliseni i-porosity ku-aluminium die casting. Ukugeleza okungalingani kungadala isiphithiphithi, okuholela ekubambeni kwegesi kanye nokukhubazeka. Okutholwe kokuhlolwa kwembula ukuthi izici ezifana nomfutho we-plunger kanye nezinga lokushisa le-aluminium ewuketshezi kuthonya kakhulu i-porosity. Okuphawuliwe okubalulekile kuhlanganisa:

• Abalingisi abaminyanisayo bakhombisa amazinga e-porosity mancane ngokuphindwe kabili kune-gravity die castings.
• Ukucindezela okuphezulu ngesikhathi sokuqina kukhulisa ukuminyana okusanhlamvu, kunciphisa i-porosity.
• Ukucindezela kunciphisa ukuncipha kwe-porosity engxenyeni emaphakathi yokulingisa.

Ngokuqinisekisa ukugeleza okufanayo, abakhiqizi bangakhiqiza ama-castings ngekhwalithi engaguquki kanye nokuqina.

Amathiphu Asebenzisekayo Okuthuthukisa Idizayini Yesikhunta

Sebenzisa amathuluzi okulingisa athuthukile edizayini yesikhunta

Amathuluzi okulingisa athuthukileidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukwakheka kwesikhunta sokuphonsa nge-aluminium die. Lawa mathuluzi avumela abakhiqizi ukuthi babikezele futhi babhekane nezinkinga ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhiqiza. Ngokulingisa ukugeleza kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuqina, namazinga okupholisa, onjiniyela bangakwazi ukuhlonza izindawo ezithambekele ekubeni ne-porosity futhi benze izinguquko ezidingekayo.

• I-Simulation App inika amandla ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwezilungiselelo ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza, kuthuthukisa inqubo yokwenza kahle.
• Isofthiwe ethuthukisiwe inciphisa amaphutha ezinqubweni zokusakaza, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi.
• Imodeli yokubikezela ehlanganiswe nokuhlaziywa kwezinto ezinomkhawulo kusingatha kahle ukukhubazeka kokulingisa.
• Ucwaningo lwezehlakalo lugqamisa ukusetshenziswa kokulingisa ekuthuthukisweni kwedizayini yokuphakelayo, kunciphisa ukukhubazeka kokuncipha.

Amathuluzi okulingisa awagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukwethembeka kwenqubo kodwa futhi anciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza ngokunciphisa izindlela zokuhlola namaphutha.

Gcina futhi uhlole isikhunta njalo

Ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile nokuhlolwa kwesikhunta kubalulekile ekwehliseni i-porosity kanye nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuphonsa engaguquki. Ukuhlola okuvamile kusiza ekuboneni ukuguga, ukulimala, noma ukuvaleka kwamashaneli okuphuma umoya okungaholela ekulimaleni.

Ngokusebenzisa isimiso esivamile sokulungisa, abakhiqizi bangathuthukisa ukwethembeka nokuqina kwezingxenye ze-aluminium die cast.

Hlanganyela nabaklami besikhunta abanolwazi

Abaklami besikhunta abanolwazi baletha ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile etafuleni. Ulwazi lwabo ngokuziphatha kwezinto ezibonakalayo, amasistimu okungenisa umoya, nokulawula izinga lokupholisa kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesikhunta esifanele. Ukusebenzisana nezingcweti ezinekhono kusiza abakhiqizi babhekane nezinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezifana nokunciphisa i-porosity kanye nokuzuza ukugeleza kwezinto ezifanayo. Lokhu kubambisana kuvame ukuholela ezisombululweni ezintsha kanye nokulingisa kwekhwalithi ephezulu.

Hlola futhi wenze ngcono imiklamo ngokusebenzisa i-prototyping

I-Prototyping ivumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bahlole imiklamo yesikhunta ngaphansi kwezimo zomhlaba wangempela. Ngokuhlaziya ukusebenza kwama-prototypes, onjiniyela bangakwazi ukuhlonza futhi baxazulule izinkinga ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa kwesilinganiso esigcwele.

• I-Prototyping inciphisa izikhathi zomjikelezo kanye nezindleko zokusetshenziswa.
• Amamethrikhi wamandla ayathuthuka, akhombisa ukusebenza okungcono kwesikhunta.
• Ukucushwa kwe-stem ye-stem okuthuthukisiwe kanye nevolumu yesifuba encishisiwe kunomthelela ekwehliseni i-porosity.

Ukuhlola nokucwengisiswa kwemiklamo ngokusebenzisa i-prototyping kuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhunta sokugcina siletha imiphumela engaguquki futhi sihlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi.

Lawula amapharamitha omjovo ukuze unciphise isiyaluyalu

Amapharamitha omjovo, njengokucindezela, isivinini, nezinga lokushisa, athonya kakhulu ukugeleza kwezinto ngesikhathi sokukhipha i-aluminium. Ukulawulwa kahle kwale mingcele kunciphisa ukuxokozela, kunciphisa ingcuphe yokungena kwegesi kanye ne-porosity. Isibonelo, ukugcina isivinini somjovo esiqinile kuqinisekisa ukugeleza kwe-laminar, kuyilapho izilungiselelo zokushisa ezilungile zivimbela ukuqina ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Abakhiqizi kufanele baqaphe futhi balungise le mingcele ukuze bathole ukulingisa okungenasici.

Khetha izinto zokwakha zekhwalithi nama-alloys

Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokufa kanye nama-alloys kuthinta ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yezingxenye ze-aluminium die cast. Ama-alloys ahlanzekile anciphisa ukwakheka kwegesi, kuyilapho izinto zokufa ezihlala isikhathi eside zimelana nokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe ngaphandle kokonakala.

Ukukhetha izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungcono kokulingisa futhi kunciphisa amathuba okuba namaphutha.

Sebenzisa ama-ejenti wokucwenga kanye nokukhipha umoya ukuze unciphise okuqukethwe kwegesi

I-ejenti yokucwenga neyokukhipha umoya idlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni okuqukethwe kwegesi ku-aluminium encibilikisiwe. Lawa ma-ejenti asusa ukungcola, amabhamuza, nama-oxide endaweni ewuketshezi, avimbele igesi ukuthi ingangeni kabusha ekusakazeni.

• Izinga eliphezulu zokucwenga kanye nama-ejenti asusa umoya anciphisa kakhulu okuqukethwe kwegesi.
• Ukususwa ngesikhathi kwe-scum nama-bubbles kuqinisekisa inqubo yokukhipha ehlanzekile.
• Ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwalawa ma-ejenti kuthuthukisa ubuqotho besakhiwo sezingxenye ze-aluminium die cast.

Ukufaka ama-ejenti acwengayo kanye nawokukhipha ugesi enqubweni yokukhiqiza kubangela ukulingisa okunokukhubazeka okumbalwa kanye nokuqina okuthuthukisiwe.

I-Porosity inselele inselelo ye-aluminium die cast, kodwa ukwakheka kwesikhunta esifanele kunikeza izixazululo ezisebenzayo. Amasu afana namashaneli okupholisa ahlelekile kanye ne-high-vacuum die casting (HVDC) anciphisa ngokuphawulekayo i-porosity.

Ukunamathela kule migomo kuqinisekisa ukulingisa okuhlala isikhathi eside, kwekhwalithi ephezulu.

FAQ

Yini ebangela i-porosity ku-aluminium die casting?

I-porosity ivela ngenxa yamagesi avaleleke, ukupholisa okungalingani, noma ukuncipha ngesikhathi sokuqina. Ukuklanywa kwesikhunta okungekuhle nokungangeni kahle umoya kuvame ukufaka isandla kulolu daba.

Idizayini yesikhunta iyithuthukisa kanjani ikhwalithi yokusakazwa?

Idizayini yesikhunta efanele iqinisekisa ukugeleza kwezinto ezibushelelezi, inciphisa isiyaluyalu, futhi ikhuthaze ukupholisa okufanayo. Lezi zici zehlisa i-porosity futhi zithuthukisa ubuqotho besakhiwo sezingxenye zabalingisi.

Kungani ukukhipha umoya kubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwesikhunta?

Ukungenisa umoya kuvumela umoya ovaleleke namagesi ukubaleka ngesikhathi sokusakaza. Lokhu kuvimbela i-gas porosity, kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-aluminium die castings engenasici kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu.

By: haihong
email：daphne@haihongxintang.com
email：haihong@haihongxintang.com
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