Porosity kwambiri zimakhudza khalidwe ndi durability wazitsulo zotayidwa za aluminiyamu. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti ma elongation amatsika m'malo omwe ali ndi zowonongeka zobisika, zomwe zimagwirizanitsa porosity ndi kuchepa kwa zinthuzotayidwa kufa kuponyera mankhwala. Kusiyanasiyana kwazinthu zamakina, zowonetsedwa ndi kugawa kwa Weibull, zimatsimikizira nkhaniyi. Kupanga koyenera kwaaluminiyamu ufa kuponyera nkhungukumapangitsa kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino komanso zimachepetsa chipwirikiti panthawi yanjira yopangira aluminium kufa, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti tipeze zotsatira zabwino kuchokeraopanga aluminiyamu kufa kuponyera.

Zofunika Kwambiri

• Mapangidwe abwino a nkhunguzimathandiza kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino. Izi zimaletsa chipwirikiti ndikuletsa gasi kuti asatseke, zomwe zimachepetsa porosity.
• Njira zoyenera zolowera mpweyalolani kuti mipweya yotsekeredwa ipulumuke. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ma aluminiyumu akufa azitha kukhala abwino.
• Kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa kuzizira kumathandiza zitsulo kulimba mofanana. Izi zimachepetsa shrinkage porosity ndikupangitsa kuti ma castings akhale olimba.

Kumvetsetsa Porosity mu Aluminium Die Casting

Kodi porosity ndi chiyani?

Porosity imatanthawuza kukhalapo kwa mabowo ang'onoang'ono, voids, kapena ming'alu mkati mwa zopangira zolimba za aluminiyamu. Zolakwika izi zimatha kukula mosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku ma pores ang'onoang'ono kupita ku zazikulu, ndipo sizingawonekere pamwamba. Porosity nthawi zambiri imapezeka pa nthawi ya mimbazitsulo zotayidwa za aluminiyamundondomeko chifukwa cha mipweya yotsekeredwa kapena kuzizira kosiyana. Zimachepetsa kukhulupirika kwa gawolo ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa zinthu monga dzimbiri, kutayikira, kapena kulephera kwamakina.

Akatswiri amayesa porosity pogwiritsa ntchito magawo angapo:

• Chiwerengero cha pores: Chiwerengero chonse cha pores mkati mwa voliyumu inayake.
• Kukula kwakukulu kololedwa: Kukula kwakukulu kovomerezeka kwa pore iliyonse.
• Chiwerengero chonse peresenti: Peresenti ya voliyumu ya gawo lomwe lili ndi porous.

Mitundu ya porosity mu aluminium kufa kuponyera

Porosity mu aluminiyamu kufa kuponyera akhoza m'magulu atatu:

• Blind Porosity: Mtundu uwu umayambira pamwamba ndipo umathera mkati mwa thupi la kuponyera. Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa dzimbiri pakapita nthawi.
• Kudzera mu Porosity: Kufutukula kuchokera mbali imodzi ya kuponya kupita ku ina, mtundu uwu umapanga njira yotayira ndikusokoneza kukhulupirika kwa gawolo.
• Porosity Yotsekedwa Kwambiri: Zomwe zili mkati mwa kuponyera, mtundu uwu umakhala wobisika mpaka utawonekera panthawi ya makina.

Zomwe zimayambitsa porosity zimaphatikizapo kutsekeka kwa gasi panthawi yolimba komanso kuchepa chifukwa cha kuzizira kosiyana. Kusatuluka bwino, kuthira mafuta ambiri, ndi zolakwika za kapangidwe kake kaŵirikaŵiri zimathandizira pankhaniyi.

Zotsatira za porosity pakuchita bwino komanso magwiridwe antchito

Porosity imakhudza kwambiri mtundu ndi magwiridwe antchito a aluminiyamu kufa castings. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti apamwamba porosity milingo kuchepetsa liwiro akupanga yoweyula kufalitsa, kusonyeza ofooka zakuthupi mphamvu. Kujambula kwa X-ray kumatsimikizira zomwe zapezedwazi, ndikuwunikira kugwirizana pakati pa porosity ndi kuchepakuponya khalidwe.

Kuphatikiza apo, porosity imakhudzanso kulimba kwa magawo a aluminiyamu omwe amafa. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa kuthirira panthawi yoponya kumatha kuchepetsa porosity mpaka 98.7%, kuwongolera mtundu wonse wa chinthu chomaliza. Opanga ayenera kuthana ndi porosity kuti atsimikizire kuti zigawo zodalirika komanso zokhalitsa.

Momwe Mold Design imalepheretsa Porosity

Mphamvu ya mapangidwe a nkhungu pakuyenda kwa zinthu ndi kulimba

Kupanga nkhunguimakhudza mwachindunji momwe aluminiyumu wosungunuka amayendera ndi kulimba panthawi yoponya. Zoumba zokonzedwa bwino zimaonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino, zimachepetsa chipwirikiti komanso kupewa kutsekeka kwa mpweya. Izi zimachepetsa mapangidwe a gasi porosity. Kuphatikiza apo, geometry yokhazikika ya nkhungu imalimbikitsa kukhazikika kofanana, komwe kumathandizira kupewa kutsika kwa porosity chifukwa cha kuzizira kosagwirizana.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kufunikira kwa mapangidwe a nkhungu pakuwongolera kuyenda kwa zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti zinthu monga kupaka ndi kuthira kutentha zimakhudza kwambiri madzi. Tebulo ili m'munsiyi likufotokozera mwachidule zomwe apeza kuchokera pazoyeserera zosiyanasiyana:

Zotsatira zoyeserera zikuwonetsanso momwe mawonekedwe a nkhungu amakhudzira kulimba kwa zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, kuyesa kwa x-ray zenizeni kumawonetsa momwe aluminiyamu yosungunuka imadzaza nkhungu pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi. Zoyezera izi zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa kuyenda kwa laminar kuti muchepetse chipwirikiti ndikuwonetsetsa kukhazikika kosasintha.

Kufunika kolowera mpweya komanso kutulutsa mpweya

Kachitidwe ka mpweyazimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popewa kupangika kwa aluminiyamu kufa. Panthawi yoponyera, mpweya wotsekeka ndi mpweya ukhoza kupanga voids mkati mwazinthu. Njira zoloweramo bwino zimalola kuti mpweya umenewu utuluke, kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya ulibe vuto lililonse.

Kutulutsa mpweya koyenera kumafuna kuyika bwino kwa ngalande kuti mpweya utuluke mu nkhungu. Makina olowera mpweya osapangidwa bwino angayambitse mpweya wabwino, kusokoneza kukhulupirika kwa chinthu chomaliza. Opanga ayenera kuyika patsogolo kutulutsa mpweya pakapangidwe ka nkhungu kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.

Ntchito yowongolera kuziziritsa pakuchepetsa kuchepa kwa porosity

Kuwongolera kuzizira ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kutsika kwa porosity muzitsulo zotayira za aluminiyamu. Kuzizira kofulumira kumalimbikitsa kulimba kofanana, kumachepetsa mwayi wa voids kupanga chifukwa cha kuchepa kofanana. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kukhathamiritsa kuziziritsa kungathe kuchepetsa kwambiri micro-shrinkage porosity.

• Kuzizira kofulumira m'mphepete mwa ingot kumabweretsa ma pores ocheperako pang'ono poyerekeza ndi pakati.
• Kafukufuku wina wokhudza polyethylene (HDPE) wa high-density polyethylene (HDPE) adawonetsa kuti kukhathamiritsa kwa kuziziritsa komanso kapangidwe ka nkhungu kumachepetsa ma micro-void, zomwe zimapangitsa kulolerana kwambiri komanso kuwongolera bwino.

Mwa kuphatikiza machitidwe owongolera kutentha mu kapangidwe ka nkhungu, opanga amatha kuwongolera mitengo yozizirira bwino. Izi zimatsimikizira kukhazikika kokhazikika ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha shrinkage porosity.

Mfundo Zazikulu za Kukonzekera kwa Nkhungu Zochepetsera Porosity

Kukonzekera koyenera kwa gating ndi othamanga dongosolo

Makina opangidwa bwino komanso othamanga amaonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino panthawi yoponya aluminium. Kuthamanga koyenera kumachepetsa chipwirikiti, chomwe chimachepetsa kutsekeka kwa gasi ndi porosity. Zofunikira zazikulu monga kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga, kutsanulira kutentha, ndi kukula kwa othamanga zimakhudza kwambiri kuchepetsa porosity. Tebulo ili m'munsiyi likuwonetsa zotsatira zake:

Mwa kukhathamiritsa magawo awa, opanga atha kukwaniritsa zowonera zopanda chilema ndi kukhazikika kwamapangidwe.

Kuphatikizika bwino kwa njira yolowera mpweya

Mpweya wolowera mpweya umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kuti mpweya wotsekeka utuluke m'bowolo. Popanda mpweya wabwino, mpweya ukhoza kupanga voids, zomwe zimatsogolera ku porosity.Kutulutsa mpweya koyenerakumachepetsa chipwirikiti ndikuwonetsetsa kuti njira yoponyera ikhale yosalala. Gome lotsatirali likuwonetsa mphamvu ya kapangidwe ka mpweya pazigawo zotulutsa:

Kuyika kwabwino kwa ma tchanelo olowera mpweya kumawonetsetsa kuti ma aluminiyamu otayira amtundu wamtundu wapamwamba wokhala ndi zolakwika zochepa.

Kuwongolera kwamafuta owongolera mitengo yozizirira

Kuwongolera kuziziritsa ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kutsika kwa porosity. Kuzizira kofulumira kumalimbikitsa kulimba kofanana, kuteteza ma voids omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kofanana. Kuphatikizira machitidwe owongolera matenthedwe pamapangidwe a nkhungu kumatsimikizira kuzizirira kosasinthasintha podutsa poponya. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kuzirala mwachangu m'mphepete mwa castings kumachepetsa pores-shrinkage pores poyerekeza ndi pakati. Opanga amatha kupirira movutikira komanso kuwongolera bwino powonjezera kuzizirira.

Kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino

Kuthamanga kwa zinthu zofanana ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kutsekemera kwa aluminiyamu. Kuyenda mosagwirizana kungayambitse chipwirikiti, zomwe zimabweretsa kutsekeka kwa gasi ndi kuwonongeka. Zoyeserera zikuwonetsa kuti zinthu monga kuthamanga kwa plunger ndi kutentha kwa aluminiyamu yamadzimadzi zimakhudza kwambiri porosity. Zomwe taziwona bwino ndi izi:

• Finyani zoponya zikuwonetsa milingo ya porosity yocheperako kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa mphamvu yokoka.
• Kuthamanga kwakukulu panthawi yolimba kumawonjezera kachulukidwe kambewu, kumachepetsa porosity.
• Kupondereza kumachepetsa kuchepa kwa porosity mkatikati mwa kuponyera.

Poonetsetsa kuti kutuluka kwa yunifolomu, opanga amatha kupanga ma castings ndi khalidwe lokhazikika komanso lolimba.

Malangizo Othandizira Kuti Mukwaniritse Kupanga Kwa Mold

Gwiritsani ntchito zida zoyeserera zapamwamba popanga nkhungu

Zida zoyeserera zapamwambazimagwira ntchito yofunikira pakukometsera kapangidwe ka nkhungu ka aluminium kufa. Zida izi zimalola opanga kuneneratu ndikuthana ndi zolakwika zomwe zingachitike kupanga kusanayambe. Poyerekeza kuyenda kwa zinthu, kulimba, ndi kuziziritsa, mainjiniya amatha kuzindikira madera omwe amatha kukhala ndi porosity ndikupanga kusintha kofunikira.

• Simulation App imathandizira kuyesa mwachangu zosintha zosiyanasiyana zopanga, ndikuwongolera njira yokhathamiritsa.
• Mapulogalamu apamwamba amachepetsa zolakwika pakuponya, kukonza bwino komanso kuchita bwino.
• Zolosera zam'tsogolo zophatikizidwa ndi kusanthula kwazinthu zomalizidwa bwino zimathetsa vuto la kuponya.
• Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito kayeseleledwe pakukhathamiritsa kamangidwe ka feeder, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa shrinkage.

Zida zofananira sizimangowonjezera kudalirika kwa njira komanso zimachepetsa ndalama zopangira pochepetsa njira zoyeserera ndi zolakwika.

Nthawi zonse sungani ndi kuyang'ana nkhungu

Kusamalira nthawi zonse ndikuwunika nkhungu ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse porosity ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuponyedwa kwabwino kumakhala kofanana. Kuyang'ana pafupipafupi kumathandizira kuzindikira kuwonongeka, kuwonongeka, kapena kutsekeka kwa njira zolowera mpweya zomwe zingayambitse zolakwika.

Pokhazikitsa dongosolo lokonzekera nthawi zonse, opanga amatha kukonza kudalirika komanso kulimba kwa magawo a aluminiyamu omwe amafa.

Gwirani ntchito ndi okonza nkhungu odziwa zambiri

Opanga nkhungu aluso amabweretsa ukatswiri wamtengo wapatali pagome. Kudziwa kwawo zamakhalidwe azinthu, makina olowera mpweya, komanso kuwongolera kuzizira kumatsimikizira kuti nkhungu imagwira ntchito bwino. Kugwirizana ndi akatswiri aluso kumathandiza opanga kuthana ndi zovuta zovuta, monga kuchepetsa porosity ndi kukwaniritsa kuyenda kwa zinthu zofanana. Mgwirizanowu nthawi zambiri umabweretsa mayankho anzeru komanso kutulutsa kwapamwamba kwambiri.

Yesani ndi kuyeretsa mapangidwe pogwiritsa ntchito prototyping

Prototyping imalola opanga kuyesa mapangidwe a nkhungu pansi pa zochitika zenizeni. Powunika momwe ma prototypes amagwirira ntchito, mainjiniya amatha kuzindikira ndi kuthetsa mavuto asanapangidwe kwathunthu.

• Prototyping imachepetsa nthawi yozungulira komanso ndalama zothandizira.
• Ma metric amphamvu amawongolera, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuchita bwino kwa nkhungu.
• Kukhazikika kwa tsinde kolowera komanso kuchepa kwachifuwa kumathandizira kuchepetsa porosity.

Kuyesa ndi kuyenga mapangidwe kudzera mu prototyping kumatsimikizira kuti nkhungu yomaliza imapereka zotsatira zofananira ndikukwaniritsa miyezo yabwino.

Sinthani magawo a jakisoni kuti muchepetse chipwirikiti

Ma jekeseni, monga kuthamanga, kuthamanga, ndi kutentha, zimakhudza kwambiri kayendedwe kazinthu panthawi ya aluminiyamu kufa. Kuwongolera koyenera kwa magawowa kumachepetsa chipwirikiti, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kutsekeka kwa gasi ndi porosity. Mwachitsanzo, kusunga liwiro la jekeseni wokhazikika kumatsimikizira kutuluka kwa laminar, pamene kutentha kwabwino kumalepheretsa kulimba msanga. Opanga akuyenera kuyang'anira ndikusintha magawowa kuti akwaniritse mawonekedwe opanda chilema.

Sankhani zida zakufa zabwino ndi ma aloyi

Kusankhidwa kwa zida zakufa ndi ma aloyi kumakhudza mwachindunji mtundu wa zida za aluminiyamu zotayira. Ma alloys apamwamba kwambiri amachepetsa mapangidwe a gasi, pomwe zida zolimba zakufa zimapirira kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza popanda kupunduka.

Kusankha zida zapamwamba kumatsimikizira ntchito yabwino yoponya ndikuchepetsa kuthekera kwa zolakwika.

Gwiritsani ntchito zoyenga ndi zochotsera mpweya kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa gasi

Zoyenga ndi zochotsa mpweya zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa gasi mu aluminiyamu yosungunuka. Othandizirawa amachotsa zonyansa, thovu, ndi ma oxides pamtunda wamadzimadzi, kulepheretsa mpweya kulowanso m'malo oponyamo.

• Zoyenga zapamwamba komanso zochotsera mpweya zimachepetsa kwambiri mpweya.
• Kuchotsa pa nthawi yake scum ndi thovu kumatsimikizira njira yoyeretsa yotayira.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zinthuzi kumakulitsa kukhulupirika kwa magawo a aluminiyamu omwe amatayika.

Kuphatikizira zoyenga ndi zochotsera mpweya muzopanga kumabweretsa zopanga zokhala ndi zolakwika zochepa komanso kulimba kwamphamvu.

Porosity imatsutsa kuponyedwa kwa aluminiyamu, koma mapangidwe oyenera a nkhungu amapereka mayankho ogwira mtima. Njira monga ma conformal cooling channels ndi high-vacuum die casting (HVDC) zimachepetsa kwambiri porosity.

Kutsatira mfundo izi kumapangitsa kuti ma castes olimba, apamwamba kwambiri.

FAQ

Nchiyani chimayambitsa porosity mu aluminiyamu kufa kuponyera?

Porosity imachitika chifukwa cha mpweya wotsekeka, kuzizira kosagwirizana, kapena kuchepa pakakhazikika. Kusakwanira kwa nkhungu komanso kutulutsa mpweya kosakwanira nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa nkhaniyi.

Kodi kamangidwe ka nkhungu kamapangitsa bwanji kutulutsa bwino?

Kukonzekera koyenera kwa nkhungu kumapangitsa kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino, zimachepetsa chipwirikiti, komanso zimalimbikitsa kuzizira kofanana. Zinthu izi zimachepetsa porosity ndikuwonjezera kukhulupirika kwa magawo opangidwa.

Chifukwa chiyani kutulutsa mpweya ndikofunikira pakupanga nkhungu?

Kutulutsa mpweya kumapangitsa mpweya wotsekeka ndi mpweya kuthawa panthawi yoponya. Izi zimalepheretsa porosity ya gasi, kuwonetsetsa kuti ma aluminiyumu amafa opanda chilema komanso apamwamba kwambiri.

Ndi: haihong
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email：haihong@haihongxintang.com
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